Social Science Sample Paper 5
1. What is meant by Rinderpest?
Or
The introduction of which new technology in England angered women?
Or
Name two films which deals with the problem of the migrants.
2. What was Agenda 21 of Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro?
3. What do you mean by water divide?
4. What is Intensive Subsistence farming?
5. What is river basin?
6. What is meant by HDI rank?
7. What is environment degradation?
8. Sahara Airlines and Bajaj Motors Ltd are examples of which sector?
9. Describe briefly the effects of Rinderpest in Africa in the 1890s.
Or
In which three ways did the British and the Indian manufacture and traders advertise
their goods?
Or
What do you understand by Individualism, Chartism and 10 hour movement?
10.Briefly explain the key lessons which economists and politicians drew out from inter-war
economic experiences.
Or
How were machines and technology glorified in England in the early 20th century through
pictures on the cover pages of some books?
Highlight the different ways by which the people entertain themselves in the chawls.
11.How did the religious communities in India make use of printing technology to spread
their ideas? Explain.
Or
Why is Titash Ekti Nadir Naam considered a special novel?
12.How did the Vernacular Press Act affected the vernacular newspapers?
Or
How most of the novels of 19th century represented the picture of the community and the
society?
13.Suggest some ways to solve the problems of land degradation.
14.What is rain water harvesting? State the objectives of rainwater harvesting.
15.Write down the features of Coming together federations.
16.“Local people know the local problems and its solutions better”. Explain
17.Why is it very difficult to make changes to the power sharing arrangement between the
union Government and state governments? Explain with examples.
18.Elucidate the views of Gandhiji regarding the conservation of resources.
19.Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, tertiary is
useful? Explain how.
20.Who are the people that work in an unorganized sector? Mention any two social values
which you have learnt from the working conditions of organized sector.
21.Give three reasons why caste hierarchy is breaking down in India.
22.Explain any three effects of the great depression 1929-1930 on the United States.
Or
How did East Indian Company procure the regular supply of cotton and silk goods?
Or
Describe the steps taken to solve the problem of housing in Bombay.
23.Highlight the development of print culture in India.
Or
Examine the contribution of different novelists of Hindi in India.
24.The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is
strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Elucidate.
25.What are the basic features of Indian agriculture?
26.Discuss the role of political parties in the determination of the outcomes of social division.
27.“The old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down in India”-Support the answer
statement with suitable examples.
28.Distinguish between Human Development and Economic Development.
29.Compare the contribution of employment and GDP to the Indian economy.
30.A. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the
help of the following information and write the
map.
1. A leading golden fiber crop producing state
B. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate
symbols:
1. A leading sugarcane producing state
2. A coffee growing state on th
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Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
their correct name on the line marked on the
the eastern state
Solutions of the Sample Paper
1. It was a deadly cattle disease. It spread in Africa in 1880s.
Or
The Spinning Jenny.
Or
C.I.D. and Guest House.
2. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global
cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
3. The uplands that separates two drainage basins is called the water divide.
4. It is intensive subsistence farming where high dose of biochemical inputs and irrigation
are used for obtaining higher production.
5. It is the area which is drained by a single river system. It is also called drainage basin.
6. The HDI rank of a country indicates the place of the country in relation to other countries
in field of human development.
7. Environment degradation refers to the degradation of natural resources and pollution.
8. Private sector.
9. (a) As a result of this fatal disease, 90%of the cattle in Africa died.
(b) Completely impoverished and broken Africans were forced into the labour market,
which they were resisting for long.
(c) The loss of cattle destroyed livelihood of many Africans.
Or
(a) The Manchester made clothes carried a label with “Made in Manchester’ written in
bold. This assured the buyers of the quality of the cloth.
(b) The British manufacturers used images of Gods and Goddesses on the labels. It
symbolizes the divine approval for the commodity.
(c) The Indian manufacturers printed the image of Bharat Mata and a nationalist massage
on the labels.
Or
(a) Individualism: It is a theory which promotes the liberty, rights or independent action
of the individual, rather than of the community.
(b) Chartism: Chartism was a movement demanding the vote for all adult males.
(c) 10-hour movement: This movement is related to limit the hours of work in factories.
10.(a) An Industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without mass
consumption for which there was a need for stable incomes guaranteed by stable
employment. This economic stability had to be ensured by the government.
(b) The goal of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to
control flows of goods, capital and labour.
(c) The main aim of the post war international economic system was to preserve economic
stability and full employment in the industrial world.
The cover page of a music book a published by E. T. Paul in 1900 shows the sign of
progress as the picture of railway, camera, machines, printing press and factory.
(b) The glorification of machines and technology is even more marked on the cover page
of a trade magazine.
(c) The trade magazine shows two magicians. Aladdin is shown as representing the East
and the past. Where the one is the mechanic with modern tools and builds bridges,
ships, towers and high raised buildings. He represented the west and modernity.
Or
(a) There was an open space in the middle of for chawls. That place was used by magicians
and acrobats to perform their acts. They visit that place regularly.
(b) The Nandi bull used to come. There was the Kadaklakshmi. The performers beat
themselves on their naked bodies to earn their livelihood.
(c) Chawls were also a place for exchange of news about jobs, strikes, riots or
demonstrations.
11.(a) Ulamas of Muslim community used cheap lithographic presses, published Persian and
Urdu translations of Holy Scripture and printed religious newspapers and tracts.
(b) The Deoband Seminary published Fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct
themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrine
(c) Hindu published religious texts like Ramcharitmanas in vernacular language from
Calcutta.
(d) In Bengal ‘Samachar Chandrika’ was published by Hindu Orthodoxy.
Or
(a) Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is written by Advaita Malla burman.
(b) Burman had featured low castes as their protagonists, Titash is special because the
author is himself from a low caste fisher folk communities.
(c) Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is an Epic about the Mallas, a community of fisher folk who live
off fishing in the river Titash.
(d) The novel describes the community life of the Mallas in great detail.
12.(a) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was passed which empowered the government to
censor reports and editorials.
(b) Government kept a regular tract of vernacular newspapers. If a report was judged
seditious, the newspaper was warned and if warning was ignored, strict actions were
taken by the government.
(c) In the case of violation of the act was repeated, the press was seized and the machines
were confiscated.
Or
(a) In the 19th century, Europe entered the industrial age. Novelist such as Charles
Dickens and Emile Zola wrote about the terrible effects of industrialization on
people’s lives and character.
(b) British novelist Thomas Hardy wrote about the traditional rural communities of
England that were fast vanishing.
(c) Pride and prejudice written by Jane Austin id about the status of women.
13.(a) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent to solve the
problem of land degradation.
(b) Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilization of sand dunes
by growing thorny bushes is some of the methods to check land degradation.
(c) Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and
disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water
degradation in industrial and suburban areas.
14.(a) Rain water harvesting as a method of utilizing rainwater for domestic and agriculture
use is already widely used throughout the world.
(b) It has become a widely accepted technique of providing potable water in development
projects all over the world.
(c) Rain water harvesting is done for storing rainwater in containers above or below the
ground.
(d) Rainwater harvesting is done for charging into soil for withdrawal later.
15.(a) Coming Together Federation involves independent states coming together on their
own to form a bigger unit.
(b) In coming together units try to increase their security by pooling sovereignty and
retaining identity.
(c) In this category of federations, all the constituent units usually have equal power and
are strong vis-à-vis the federal government.
(d) USA, Switzerland and Australia are Coming Together Federations.
16.(a) Decentralization has a number of advantages.
(b) Decentralization aims at dealing with the local problems at local level.
(c) Local people know their problems much better than outsiders.
(d) They also have better ideas regarding management of things more efficiently.
(e) They can specify the important problems and allocate more money to more pressing
problems on priority basis.
17. It is very difficult to make changes to the power sharing arrangements between the union
government and state governments due to the following reasons:
(a) There is clear distinction of power between state and centre through three list system.
(b) In this arrangement constitution clearly lays down the division of powers between
Union and State. So for any changes, it has to go through the amendment procedures
which is difficult.
(c) The centre has a general authority, but the regional or state governments are given
autonomy. Therefore interference in each other’s jurisdiction for any change is
difficult.
18.(a) Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation.
(b) He said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.
(c) He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern
technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.
(d) He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the
masses.
19.Yes, classification of economic activities in to primary, secondary and tertiary sector is
useful as it helps in estimating the relative importance in the growth in GDP of the
economy. Classifying in such a way helps in calculating how much goods and services are
produced and how many people work in each sector. In India tertiary sector is growing at
a very fast speed which implies that the country is moving towards developed country.
This type of classification helps in comparing the level of growth in different countries.
20.(a) In the rural areas, the unorganized sector mostly comprises the landless agricultural
laborers, small and marginal farmers, blacksmith ant artisan.
(b) In the urban areas, the unorganized sector comprises workers in small-scale industry,
casual workers in construction, trade and transport etc. It also consists of those who
work as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers etc.
(c) Social Values: Most of the people working in unorganized sector belong to backward
communities. These workers face social discrimination.
21.(a) With economic development, large-scale urbanisation, growth of literacy and
education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the
villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down.
(b) Now, most of the times, in urban areas it does not matter much who is walking along
next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant.
(c) The Constitution of India prohibited any caste-based discrimination and laid the
foundations of policies to reverse the injustices of the caste system.
22.(a) United states were greatly affected by the great depression of 1929. With the fall in
prices US banks had also slashed domestic lending called bank loans.
(b) Many houses and businesses collapsed.
(c) Faced with falling income, many household were unable to repay the loans.
(d) They had to give up their houses, cars and other consumer durables.
(e) Unemployed soared, people trudged long distances looking for work.
(f) Unable to recover investment and loans and repay depositors, thousands of banks went
bankrupt and other forced to close. By 1933, over four thousand banks had closed and
one lakhs then thousands companies has collapsed.
Or
(a) The East India Company had to face obstacle to procure regular supply of cotton and
silk textiles from Indian weavers.
(b) The French, Dutch, Portuguese as well as the local traders competed in the market.
However, the East India Company establishes political power and asserted monopoly
right to trade.
(c) The company tried to eliminate existing traders and have direct control over the
weaver and appointed a paid servant called Gomasthas to supervise and collect
supplies.
(d) It prevented company weavers from dealing with other buyers. One way of doing was
through the system of advances.
(e) Those weavers, who took loans, had to hand over the cloth they produced to the
Gomasthas. They could not take it to any other trade.
Or
(a) Chawls were multi-storeyed structure which had been built in the native parts of the
town. These houses were largely owned by private landlords, such as merchants,
bankers and buildings.
(b) The city of Bombay Improvement Trust was established in 1898. It focused on clearing
poorer homes out of the city centre.
(c) In 1918, a Rent act was passed to keep rents reasonable. But it had the opposite effect
of producing a severe housing crisis, since landlords withdrew houses from the
market.
(d) The city of Bombay developed massive reclamation projects. Reclamation refers to the
reclaiming of marshy or submerged area or other wasteland for settlements.
(e) The seven island of Bombay were joined into one land mass only over a period of time.
The earliest project began in 1784.
23.(a) The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid sixteenth
century.
(b) By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in the local languages- Konkani and
kannada.
(c) By 1710, Dutch Protestants missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts and many of them
were translated of older works.
(d) From 170, James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal gazette- a weekly
magazine.
(e) By the close of the 18th century a number of newspapers and journals appeared in
print. There were Indian too who began to publish Indian newspapers.
Or
(a) Bhartendu Harishchandra the pioneer of modern Hindi literature encourages many
members of his circle of poets and writers to recreate and translate novels from other
languages.
(b) Srinivas Das’ novel published in 1882 was titled Pariksha Guru.
(c) It cautioned young men of well-to-do families against the dangerous influence of bad
company and consequent loose morals.
(d) The writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri created a novel-reading public in Hindi.
(e) It was with the writings of Premchand that the Hindi novel achieved excellence. He
began writing in Urdu then shifted to Hindi.
24.(a) Deforestation and destruction of wildlife is not just a simple problem. It has other
related issues. This biological loss correlates highly with the loss of cultural diversity.
(b) These losses have had a deep and lasting impact on the forest dependent communities.
These indigenous communities are directly dependent on forests for their food,
medicines, spirituality and other needs. Due to deforestation these communities have
become marginalized and impoverished.
(c) Here again women are more affected than man. In most societies women shoulder the
responsibilities of collection of basic substance needs such as fuel, fodder, water, etc.
(d) Women faces sever drudgery if their resources get depleted or scare and their health
deteriorates as they have to traverse long distances to collect these resources.
(e) Deforestation also leads to floods and drought which hits the economically backward
strata very hard. This includes more poverty.
25.(a) Indian agriculture mainly depends on the arriving of monsoon. Though large areas in
India, after independence, have been brought under irrigation, only one-third of the
cropped area is actually irrigated in true sense.
(b) Maximum farmers are not aware about the modern farming techniques.
(c) Indian farmers use fertilizers. Use of these fertilizers and pesticides has increased and
large areas have been brought under high yielding variety of seeds.
(d) Indian farmers, in certain parts still practice subsistence agriculture. Farmers actually
own small pieces of land and grow crops primarily for their own purpose.
(e) In India animals also play a significantly role in various kinds of agricultural
operations.
26.(a) The outcome depends on how leaders of political parties raise the demand of any
community.
(b) It is easier to accommodate demands of that are within the constitutional framework.
(c) They are not at the cost of another community.
(d) For example, the demand for only Sinhala was at the cost of the interest and identity of
the Tamil community of Sri Lanka.
(e) In Yugoslavia the leaders of different ethnic communities presented their demands in
such a way that these could not be accommodated within a single country.
27.(a) As per the old caste hierarchy Brhamins, Kashatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras formed
the ladder from top to bottom. Various socio-economic and political changes have almost
broken down this hierarchy.
(b) The main occupations of the Brammins were to perform various religious rites. Now,
one can see Brahmins in various other occupations. They are running shops and
hotels.
(c) Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are also working in many fields.
(d) Shudras, who were once untouchables, are now politicians, Doctors, professors and
they now hold various respectable posts in government and private sectors.
(e) Urbanization and Education have brought a change in mind set of modern youths from
all castes and they are living and working together.
29.Following is the contribution of GDP: In 1950-51, GDP at factor cost at constant prices was RS 140466 corers and in 2003 2004 were Rs 1424507 corers. In 2003 primary sector, growth rate was 8.6%. In 2003 6.7%. In 2003-04, in Tertiary sector growth rate was 8.4%. Following is the contribution of Employment: In 1951- percentage of working force in India engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 72.1% 10.7% and 17.2% respe In 1999-2000, percentage of working force in India engaged in Primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 60.4%, 16.8% and 22.7% respectively.
1. What is meant by Rinderpest?
Or
The introduction of which new technology in England angered women?
Or
Name two films which deals with the problem of the migrants.
2. What was Agenda 21 of Earth Summit of Rio de Janeiro?
3. What do you mean by water divide?
4. What is Intensive Subsistence farming?
5. What is river basin?
6. What is meant by HDI rank?
7. What is environment degradation?
8. Sahara Airlines and Bajaj Motors Ltd are examples of which sector?
9. Describe briefly the effects of Rinderpest in Africa in the 1890s.
Or
In which three ways did the British and the Indian manufacture and traders advertise
their goods?
Or
What do you understand by Individualism, Chartism and 10 hour movement?
10.Briefly explain the key lessons which economists and politicians drew out from inter-war
economic experiences.
Or
How were machines and technology glorified in England in the early 20th century through
pictures on the cover pages of some books?
Highlight the different ways by which the people entertain themselves in the chawls.
11.How did the religious communities in India make use of printing technology to spread
their ideas? Explain.
Or
Why is Titash Ekti Nadir Naam considered a special novel?
12.How did the Vernacular Press Act affected the vernacular newspapers?
Or
How most of the novels of 19th century represented the picture of the community and the
society?
13.Suggest some ways to solve the problems of land degradation.
14.What is rain water harvesting? State the objectives of rainwater harvesting.
15.Write down the features of Coming together federations.
16.“Local people know the local problems and its solutions better”. Explain
17.Why is it very difficult to make changes to the power sharing arrangement between the
union Government and state governments? Explain with examples.
18.Elucidate the views of Gandhiji regarding the conservation of resources.
19.Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary, tertiary is
useful? Explain how.
20.Who are the people that work in an unorganized sector? Mention any two social values
which you have learnt from the working conditions of organized sector.
21.Give three reasons why caste hierarchy is breaking down in India.
22.Explain any three effects of the great depression 1929-1930 on the United States.
Or
How did East Indian Company procure the regular supply of cotton and silk goods?
Or
Describe the steps taken to solve the problem of housing in Bombay.
23.Highlight the development of print culture in India.
Or
Examine the contribution of different novelists of Hindi in India.
24.The destruction of forests and wildlife is not just a biological issue. The biological loss is
strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity. Elucidate.
25.What are the basic features of Indian agriculture?
26.Discuss the role of political parties in the determination of the outcomes of social division.
27.“The old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down in India”-Support the answer
statement with suitable examples.
28.Distinguish between Human Development and Economic Development.
29.Compare the contribution of employment and GDP to the Indian economy.
30.A. Features ‘A’ is marked in the given political map of India. Identify this feature with the
help of the following information and write the
map.
1. A leading golden fiber crop producing state
B. On the same map of India locate and label the following items with appropriate
symbols:
1. A leading sugarcane producing state
2. A coffee growing state on th
http://myCBSEguide.com and http://onlineteachers.co.in
Sample Papers, Tips and Tricks
their correct name on the line marked on the
the eastern state
Solutions of the Sample Paper
1. It was a deadly cattle disease. It spread in Africa in 1880s.
Or
The Spinning Jenny.
Or
C.I.D. and Guest House.
2. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, disease through global
cooperation on common interests, mutual needs and shared responsibilities.
3. The uplands that separates two drainage basins is called the water divide.
4. It is intensive subsistence farming where high dose of biochemical inputs and irrigation
are used for obtaining higher production.
5. It is the area which is drained by a single river system. It is also called drainage basin.
6. The HDI rank of a country indicates the place of the country in relation to other countries
in field of human development.
7. Environment degradation refers to the degradation of natural resources and pollution.
8. Private sector.
9. (a) As a result of this fatal disease, 90%of the cattle in Africa died.
(b) Completely impoverished and broken Africans were forced into the labour market,
which they were resisting for long.
(c) The loss of cattle destroyed livelihood of many Africans.
Or
(a) The Manchester made clothes carried a label with “Made in Manchester’ written in
bold. This assured the buyers of the quality of the cloth.
(b) The British manufacturers used images of Gods and Goddesses on the labels. It
symbolizes the divine approval for the commodity.
(c) The Indian manufacturers printed the image of Bharat Mata and a nationalist massage
on the labels.
Or
(a) Individualism: It is a theory which promotes the liberty, rights or independent action
of the individual, rather than of the community.
(b) Chartism: Chartism was a movement demanding the vote for all adult males.
(c) 10-hour movement: This movement is related to limit the hours of work in factories.
10.(a) An Industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without mass
consumption for which there was a need for stable incomes guaranteed by stable
employment. This economic stability had to be ensured by the government.
(b) The goal of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to
control flows of goods, capital and labour.
(c) The main aim of the post war international economic system was to preserve economic
stability and full employment in the industrial world.
The cover page of a music book a published by E. T. Paul in 1900 shows the sign of
progress as the picture of railway, camera, machines, printing press and factory.
(b) The glorification of machines and technology is even more marked on the cover page
of a trade magazine.
(c) The trade magazine shows two magicians. Aladdin is shown as representing the East
and the past. Where the one is the mechanic with modern tools and builds bridges,
ships, towers and high raised buildings. He represented the west and modernity.
Or
(a) There was an open space in the middle of for chawls. That place was used by magicians
and acrobats to perform their acts. They visit that place regularly.
(b) The Nandi bull used to come. There was the Kadaklakshmi. The performers beat
themselves on their naked bodies to earn their livelihood.
(c) Chawls were also a place for exchange of news about jobs, strikes, riots or
demonstrations.
11.(a) Ulamas of Muslim community used cheap lithographic presses, published Persian and
Urdu translations of Holy Scripture and printed religious newspapers and tracts.
(b) The Deoband Seminary published Fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct
themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meaning of Islamic doctrine
(c) Hindu published religious texts like Ramcharitmanas in vernacular language from
Calcutta.
(d) In Bengal ‘Samachar Chandrika’ was published by Hindu Orthodoxy.
Or
(a) Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is written by Advaita Malla burman.
(b) Burman had featured low castes as their protagonists, Titash is special because the
author is himself from a low caste fisher folk communities.
(c) Titash Ekti Nadir Naam is an Epic about the Mallas, a community of fisher folk who live
off fishing in the river Titash.
(d) The novel describes the community life of the Mallas in great detail.
12.(a) The Vernacular Press Act of 1878 was passed which empowered the government to
censor reports and editorials.
(b) Government kept a regular tract of vernacular newspapers. If a report was judged
seditious, the newspaper was warned and if warning was ignored, strict actions were
taken by the government.
(c) In the case of violation of the act was repeated, the press was seized and the machines
were confiscated.
Or
(a) In the 19th century, Europe entered the industrial age. Novelist such as Charles
Dickens and Emile Zola wrote about the terrible effects of industrialization on
people’s lives and character.
(b) British novelist Thomas Hardy wrote about the traditional rural communities of
England that were fast vanishing.
(c) Pride and prejudice written by Jane Austin id about the status of women.
13.(a) Afforestation and proper management of grazing can help to some extent to solve the
problem of land degradation.
(b) Planting of shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, stabilization of sand dunes
by growing thorny bushes is some of the methods to check land degradation.
(c) Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities, proper discharge and
disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment can reduce land and water
degradation in industrial and suburban areas.
14.(a) Rain water harvesting as a method of utilizing rainwater for domestic and agriculture
use is already widely used throughout the world.
(b) It has become a widely accepted technique of providing potable water in development
projects all over the world.
(c) Rain water harvesting is done for storing rainwater in containers above or below the
ground.
(d) Rainwater harvesting is done for charging into soil for withdrawal later.
15.(a) Coming Together Federation involves independent states coming together on their
own to form a bigger unit.
(b) In coming together units try to increase their security by pooling sovereignty and
retaining identity.
(c) In this category of federations, all the constituent units usually have equal power and
are strong vis-à-vis the federal government.
(d) USA, Switzerland and Australia are Coming Together Federations.
16.(a) Decentralization has a number of advantages.
(b) Decentralization aims at dealing with the local problems at local level.
(c) Local people know their problems much better than outsiders.
(d) They also have better ideas regarding management of things more efficiently.
(e) They can specify the important problems and allocate more money to more pressing
problems on priority basis.
17. It is very difficult to make changes to the power sharing arrangements between the union
government and state governments due to the following reasons:
(a) There is clear distinction of power between state and centre through three list system.
(b) In this arrangement constitution clearly lays down the division of powers between
Union and State. So for any changes, it has to go through the amendment procedures
which is difficult.
(c) The centre has a general authority, but the regional or state governments are given
autonomy. Therefore interference in each other’s jurisdiction for any change is
difficult.
18.(a) Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation.
(b) He said, “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.
(c) He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern
technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level.
(d) He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the
masses.
19.Yes, classification of economic activities in to primary, secondary and tertiary sector is
useful as it helps in estimating the relative importance in the growth in GDP of the
economy. Classifying in such a way helps in calculating how much goods and services are
produced and how many people work in each sector. In India tertiary sector is growing at
a very fast speed which implies that the country is moving towards developed country.
This type of classification helps in comparing the level of growth in different countries.
20.(a) In the rural areas, the unorganized sector mostly comprises the landless agricultural
laborers, small and marginal farmers, blacksmith ant artisan.
(b) In the urban areas, the unorganized sector comprises workers in small-scale industry,
casual workers in construction, trade and transport etc. It also consists of those who
work as street vendors, head load workers, garment makers, rag pickers etc.
(c) Social Values: Most of the people working in unorganized sector belong to backward
communities. These workers face social discrimination.
21.(a) With economic development, large-scale urbanisation, growth of literacy and
education, occupational mobility and the weakening of the position of landlords in the
villages, the old notions of caste hierarchy are breaking down.
(b) Now, most of the times, in urban areas it does not matter much who is walking along
next to us on a street or eating at the next table in a restaurant.
(c) The Constitution of India prohibited any caste-based discrimination and laid the
foundations of policies to reverse the injustices of the caste system.
22.(a) United states were greatly affected by the great depression of 1929. With the fall in
prices US banks had also slashed domestic lending called bank loans.
(b) Many houses and businesses collapsed.
(c) Faced with falling income, many household were unable to repay the loans.
(d) They had to give up their houses, cars and other consumer durables.
(e) Unemployed soared, people trudged long distances looking for work.
(f) Unable to recover investment and loans and repay depositors, thousands of banks went
bankrupt and other forced to close. By 1933, over four thousand banks had closed and
one lakhs then thousands companies has collapsed.
Or
(a) The East India Company had to face obstacle to procure regular supply of cotton and
silk textiles from Indian weavers.
(b) The French, Dutch, Portuguese as well as the local traders competed in the market.
However, the East India Company establishes political power and asserted monopoly
right to trade.
(c) The company tried to eliminate existing traders and have direct control over the
weaver and appointed a paid servant called Gomasthas to supervise and collect
supplies.
(d) It prevented company weavers from dealing with other buyers. One way of doing was
through the system of advances.
(e) Those weavers, who took loans, had to hand over the cloth they produced to the
Gomasthas. They could not take it to any other trade.
Or
(a) Chawls were multi-storeyed structure which had been built in the native parts of the
town. These houses were largely owned by private landlords, such as merchants,
bankers and buildings.
(b) The city of Bombay Improvement Trust was established in 1898. It focused on clearing
poorer homes out of the city centre.
(c) In 1918, a Rent act was passed to keep rents reasonable. But it had the opposite effect
of producing a severe housing crisis, since landlords withdrew houses from the
market.
(d) The city of Bombay developed massive reclamation projects. Reclamation refers to the
reclaiming of marshy or submerged area or other wasteland for settlements.
(e) The seven island of Bombay were joined into one land mass only over a period of time.
The earliest project began in 1784.
23.(a) The printing press first came to Goa with Portuguese missionaries in the mid sixteenth
century.
(b) By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in the local languages- Konkani and
kannada.
(c) By 1710, Dutch Protestants missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts and many of them
were translated of older works.
(d) From 170, James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal gazette- a weekly
magazine.
(e) By the close of the 18th century a number of newspapers and journals appeared in
print. There were Indian too who began to publish Indian newspapers.
Or
(a) Bhartendu Harishchandra the pioneer of modern Hindi literature encourages many
members of his circle of poets and writers to recreate and translate novels from other
languages.
(b) Srinivas Das’ novel published in 1882 was titled Pariksha Guru.
(c) It cautioned young men of well-to-do families against the dangerous influence of bad
company and consequent loose morals.
(d) The writings of Devaki Nandan Khatri created a novel-reading public in Hindi.
(e) It was with the writings of Premchand that the Hindi novel achieved excellence. He
began writing in Urdu then shifted to Hindi.
24.(a) Deforestation and destruction of wildlife is not just a simple problem. It has other
related issues. This biological loss correlates highly with the loss of cultural diversity.
(b) These losses have had a deep and lasting impact on the forest dependent communities.
These indigenous communities are directly dependent on forests for their food,
medicines, spirituality and other needs. Due to deforestation these communities have
become marginalized and impoverished.
(c) Here again women are more affected than man. In most societies women shoulder the
responsibilities of collection of basic substance needs such as fuel, fodder, water, etc.
(d) Women faces sever drudgery if their resources get depleted or scare and their health
deteriorates as they have to traverse long distances to collect these resources.
(e) Deforestation also leads to floods and drought which hits the economically backward
strata very hard. This includes more poverty.
25.(a) Indian agriculture mainly depends on the arriving of monsoon. Though large areas in
India, after independence, have been brought under irrigation, only one-third of the
cropped area is actually irrigated in true sense.
(b) Maximum farmers are not aware about the modern farming techniques.
(c) Indian farmers use fertilizers. Use of these fertilizers and pesticides has increased and
large areas have been brought under high yielding variety of seeds.
(d) Indian farmers, in certain parts still practice subsistence agriculture. Farmers actually
own small pieces of land and grow crops primarily for their own purpose.
(e) In India animals also play a significantly role in various kinds of agricultural
operations.
26.(a) The outcome depends on how leaders of political parties raise the demand of any
community.
(b) It is easier to accommodate demands of that are within the constitutional framework.
(c) They are not at the cost of another community.
(d) For example, the demand for only Sinhala was at the cost of the interest and identity of
the Tamil community of Sri Lanka.
(e) In Yugoslavia the leaders of different ethnic communities presented their demands in
such a way that these could not be accommodated within a single country.
27.(a) As per the old caste hierarchy Brhamins, Kashatriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras formed
the ladder from top to bottom. Various socio-economic and political changes have almost
broken down this hierarchy.
(b) The main occupations of the Brammins were to perform various religious rites. Now,
one can see Brahmins in various other occupations. They are running shops and
hotels.
(c) Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are also working in many fields.
(d) Shudras, who were once untouchables, are now politicians, Doctors, professors and
they now hold various respectable posts in government and private sectors.
(e) Urbanization and Education have brought a change in mind set of modern youths from
all castes and they are living and working together.
29.Following is the contribution of GDP: In 1950-51, GDP at factor cost at constant prices was RS 140466 corers and in 2003 2004 were Rs 1424507 corers. In 2003 primary sector, growth rate was 8.6%. In 2003 6.7%. In 2003-04, in Tertiary sector growth rate was 8.4%. Following is the contribution of Employment: In 1951- percentage of working force in India engaged in primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 72.1% 10.7% and 17.2% respe In 1999-2000, percentage of working force in India engaged in Primary, secondary and tertiary sector was 60.4%, 16.8% and 22.7% respectively.
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